Pulmonary Hypertension Overview

Pulmonary arteries are the blood vessels that move blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs where oxygen is received into the blood. The oxygenated blood (blood which carries oxygen) is then transported back to the left side of the heart via the pulmonary veins.
The pressure of blood circulating in the pulmonary arteries (pulmonary blood pressure) is normally significantly lower than the systemic blood pressure (pressure of blood measured routinely which is coming out the left side of the heart). Normal systemic systolic blood pressure is typically between 120 to 140 mmHg. In the pulmonary system, the blood pressure is typically 20 to 25 mmHg.
If the pressure in the pulmonary arteries abnormally rises for any reason, the condition is referred to as  pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary artery hypertension, or pulmonary arterial hypertension. In general, this rise in pressure is caused by tightening or constriction of the blood vessels carrying the blood to the lungs. This constriction hinders the flow of blood in the vessels, causing the blood to travel with a higher force and through a higher resistance, leading to high blood pressure.
There are no certain data on the statistics and prevalence of pulmonary hypertension; because the condition is typically associated with other underlying diseases that are more readily diagnosed and treated.

Blood clot (a silent killer)

 Know and Treat
 Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) refers to a blood clot embedded in one of the major deep veins of the lower legs, thighs, or pelvis. A clot blocks blood circulation through these veins, which carries blood from the lower body back to the heart. The blockage can cause pain, swelling, or warmth in the affected leg. Blood clots in the veins can cause inflammation (irritation) called thrombophlebitis. Severe complications of deep vein thrombosis occur when a clot breaks loose (or embolizes) and travels through the bloodstream, causing blockage of blood vessels (pulmonary arteries) in the lung. Called pulmonary embolism, this can lead to severe difficulty in breathing and even death, depending on the degree of blockage.
In the United States, about 2 million people per year develop deep vein thrombosis. Most of them are aged 40 years or older. Up to 600,000 are hospitalized each year for the condition. Deep vein thrombosis can lead to a more serious complication, blood clots in the lung (pulmonary embolism). Statistics reveal that at least 650,000 persons die each year from pulmonary embolism, making it the third most common cause of death in the United States.

Deep Vein Thrombosis Causes

Three factors may lead to formation of a clot inside a blood vessel.

• Damage to the inside of a blood vessel due to trauma or other conditions
  
  
• Changes in normal blood flow, including unusual turbulence, or partial or complete blockage of blood flow
  
  
• Hypercoagulability, a rare state in which the blood is more likely than usual to clot

Any component that contributes to one or more of these three criteria can cause deep vein thrombosis. The more common risk factors are as follows:

• Prolonged sitting, such as during a long plane or car ride
  
  
• Prolonged bed rest or immobility, such as after injury or during illness (such as stroke)
  
  
• Recent surgery, particularly orthopedic, gynecologic, or heart surgery
  
  
• Recent trauma to the lower body, such as fractures of the bones of the hip, thigh, or lower leg
  
  
• Obesity
  
  
• Heart attack or heart failure 

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Symptoms of Brain tumor

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Doctors dialogue

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The most frequently asked questions:

1. How do I know when I am Pregnant in the first one week.
2. How do I deal with fibroid during pregnancy
3. Know the right method of BABY SEX SELECTION

Pharmacogenomics... How!

 Definition:
Pharmacogenomics is the branch of pharmacology which deals with the influence of genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with a drug's efficacy or toxicity. By doing so, pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimise drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Such approaches promise the advent of "personalized medicine"; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup.
Pharmacogenomics is the whole genome application of pharmacogenetics, which examines the single gene interactions with drugs.
Pharmacogenomics is being used all critical illnesses like cancer, cardio vascular disorders, AIDS, TB, Asthma, Diabetes.
In Cancer, pharmacogenomics tests are used to identify which patient will have toxicity from commonly used cancer drugs and identify which patient will not respond to commonly used cancer drug. Over the last couple of years, pharmacogenomics is also as companion diagnostics, meaning tests being bundled with drugs. Two good examples are K-ras test with cituximab and EGFR test with Gefitinib.
In Cardio vascular disorders, the main concern is response to warfarin, clopidogrel, beta blockers, statins etc.

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Thrombosis (Greek: θρόμβωσις)

 The Visibility of Man
Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot (thrombus; Greek: θρόμβος) inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. When a blood vessel is injured, the body uses platelets and fibrin to form a blood clot to prevent blood loss. Alternatively, even when a blood vessel is not injured, blood clots may form in the body if the proper conditions present themselves. If the clotting is too severe and the clot breaks free, the traveling clot is now know as an embolus^.
Thromboembolism is the combination of thrombosis and its main complication, embolism.
When a thrombus occupies more than 75% of surface area of the lumen of an artery, blood flow to the tissue supplied is reduced enough to cause symptoms because of decreased oxygen (hypoxia) and accumulation of metabolic products like lactic acid. More than 90% obstruction can result in anoxia, the complete deprivation of oxygen, and infarction, a mode of cell death.
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Brain tumor (A silent killer)

 Awareness and prevention series
A brain tumor is an intracranial solid neoplasm, a tumor (defined as an abnormal growth of cells) within the brain or the central spinal canal.
Brain tumors include all tumors inside the cranium or in the central spinal canal. They are created by an abnormal and uncontrolled cell division, normally either in the brain itself (neurons, glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, myelin-producing Schwann cells), lymphatic tissue, blood vessels), in the cranial nerves, in the brain envelopes (meninges), skull, pituitary and pineal gland, or spread from cancers primarily located in other organs (metastatic tumors).

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Primary brain tumors

Primary neoplasms of the brain are tumors that originate in the intracranial sphere or the central spinal canal, based on the organic tissues that make up the brain and the spinal cord. From the brain-lemma we can learn a lot of things about the composition of the brain from different types of organic tissues. For the purpose of this article we will discuss only some types.

• The brain itself is composed of neurons and glia (that function primarily as the physical support for neurons). The neuron itself is rarely the basis for a tumor, though tumors of the glial cells are glioma and often are of the cancerous type.
• The brain is surrounded by a system of connective tissue membranes called meninges that separate the skull from the brain. Tumors of the meninges are meningioma and are often benign neoplasms.
• Below the brain is pituitary and pineal gland which could be the basis for its own -albeit rare- kind of benign glandular neoplasms.

Secondary brain tumors

Secondary tumors of the brain are metastatic tumors that invaded the intracranial sphere from cancers primarily located in other organs. This means that a (malignant) cancerous neoplasm has developed in another organ elsewhere in the body and that cancer cells leak from that primary tumor. The leaked cells enter the lymphatic system and blood vessels, circulate through the bloodstream, and are deposited (stranded in the small blood vessels in the brain) within normal tissue elsewhere in the body, in this case in the brain. There these cells continue growing & dividing and become another invasive neoplasm of the primary cancers tissue. Secondary tumors of the brain are very common in the terminal phases of patients with an incurable metastased cancer , most common types of cancers that bring about secondary tumors of the brain are lung cancer, breast cancer and malignant melanoma (skin cancer), kidney cancer and cancer of the colon (in decreasing order of frequency).
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Man's visibility on Technology

www.visibilityofmankind.blogspot.com

 (Say yes to Technology)

This page creates a lot of awareness and prevention series, mainly on the deadly health ailments. It features the old and recent improvement on technology owing to the high rate of disease epidemics. Highlights the most current ailments stunting the ability of many medical practicioners, then gives hint on the curative measure. Estimated doctors portal are also Featured.

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Aapka Doctor is an effort towards facilitating patients around the world to seek Online Doctors consultation from Top Doctors consulting from anypart of world, from the comfort of their home. Patients in need Cardiologist treatment can benefit from medical articles being submitted by various doctors from different specialites of the medical science.
Aapkadoctor intends to become the most comprehensive Indian Doctor's Portal, allowing patients and doctors to submit their information in its evergrowing directory. With its unmatched range of specialities and easy to navigate directory, aapkadoctor.com is surely on the path of becoming the best portal for doctors in India.
AAPKA DOCTOR is an online medical health directory with Top Indian Doctors, Best Indian doctors, Top Indian Hospitals, Top pharmaceutical Companies, TOP NRI doctors as members.
AAPKA DOCTOR is mainly aiming to provide world class high standard affordable and low cost Medical facilities on click of a button. One of the most key features is providing online medical consultancy with world’s best doctors having proven track record in their specialties.
AAPKA DOCTOR has Top Cardiologist Doctors as registered members from all over the world who are reknowned and have proven their skillset.AAPKA DOCTOR treats every person be it patient or a doctor as its family member with atmost care taken to provide all possible best medical facilities for the cure of patients with the help of member doctors.
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DEALING WITH FIBROID DURING PREGNANCY

Fibroids and pregnancy, for obvious reasons, don't seem to be a healthy combination. Fibroids are tumors of the uterine muscle which can be microscopic, but can also grow to the size of a grapefruit, and even larger. The good news is that even if you have fibroids, you can still have a healthy pregnancy, thanks to modern monitoring technology.

    It may be present in the woman's system already, but once she becomes pregnant and levels of estrogen increases, they can enlarge rapidly, causing severe pain that may even require hospitalization. However, most fibroids do not interfere with carrying a healthy pregnancy, though their growth alongside that of the baby can make a mother appear like she is much further along than she actually is. Fortunately, doctors can track the growth of baby and fibroids separately.

    Now, while the odds in general are favorable, fibroids can cause some complications, such as preterm contractions, preterm labor, and blockage of the birth canal, requiring a Cesarean section. In a very small number of cases, the fibroid might cause the placenta to separate from the uterus, provoking a miscarriage, especially in the first trimester.

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FIBROID PREVENTION AND TREATMENT

 FIBROID

Fibroid is a term used for two different types of tumors: Fibroids is the common term for uterine fibroids; leiomyoma originating in the uterus.
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Fibroids are non-cancerous or benign growths that develop in the uterus. As many as 30 percent of women have one or more of these tumors. A uterine fibroid (also uterine leiomyoma, myoma, fibromyoma, leiofibromyoma, fibroleiomyoma, and fibroma) (plural of ... myoma is ...myomas or ...myomata)is a benign (non-cancerous) tumor that originates from the smooth muscle layer (myometrium) and the accompanying connective tissue of the uterus.


Fibroids are the most common benign tumors in females and typically found during the middle and later reproductive years. While most fibroids are asymptomatic, they can grow and cause heavy and painful menstruation, painful sexual intercourse, and urinary frequency and urgency. Some fibroids may interfere with pregnancy although this appears to be very rare.
In the US, symptoms caused by uterine fibroids are a very frequent indication for hysterectomy. Fibroids are often multiple and if the uterus contains too many leiomyomatas to count, it is referred to as diffuse uterine leiomyomatosis. The malignant version of a fibroid is extremely uncommon and termed a leiomyosarcoma.
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Awareness and prevention series

What are the functions of my kidney

Your kidneys are bean-shaped organs, each about the size of your fist. They are located near the middle of your back, just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. The kidneys are sophisticated trash collectors. Every day, your kidneys process about 200 quarts of blood to sift out about 2 quarts of waste products and extra water. The wastes and extra water become urine, which flows to your bladder through tubes called ureters. Your bladder stores urine until you go to the bathroom.

Wastes removed from the blood go to the bladder.

The wastes in your blood come from the normal breakdown of active muscle and from the food you eat. Your body uses the food for energy and self-repair. After your body has taken what it needs from the food, wastes are sent to the blood. If your kidneys did not remove these wastes, they would build up in the blood and damage your body.
In addition to removing wastes, your kidneys help control blood pressure. They also help make red blood cells and keep your bones strong.

Kidney stone

A kidney stone is a solid piece of material that forms in a kidney out of substances in the urine.
A stone may stay in the kidney or break loose and travel down the urinary tract. A small stone may pass all the way out of the body without causing too much pain.
A larger stone may get stuck in a ureter, the bladder, or the urethra. A problem stone can block the flow of urine and cause great pain.

Are all kidney stones alike?

No. Doctors have found four major types of kidney stones.

• The most common type of stone contains calcium (Calculi Strainer Kidney Stone Collector). Calcium is a normal part of a healthy diet.
  Calcium that is not used by the bones and muscles goes to the kidneys. In most people, the kidneys flush out the extra calcium with the rest of the urine. People who have calcium stones keep the calcium in their kidneys.
  The calcium that stays behind joins with other waste products to form a stone. The most common combination is called calcium oxalate.
• A struvite stone may form after an infection in the urinary system. These stones contain the mineral magnesium and the waste product ammonia.
• A uric acid stone may form when the urine contains too much acid. If you tend to form uric acid stones, you may need to cut back on the amount of meat you eat.
• Cystine stones are rare. Cystine is one of the building blocks that make up muscles, nerves, and other parts of the body. Cystine can build up in the urine to form a stone. The disease that causes cystine stones runs in families.
  
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Knowing The Increase

 Technological improvement
New plans in action as the young discoveries in the fields of health care measures are at the increase, to maintain the deadly ailments stunting 15% of health practitioners. 
Hence, Thoroughly examined and regulated to facilitate the rare technological increase around the globe:

HUMAN HEART

 On the side of the human heart looks into curative measures owing to the high increase in the pumping organ's malfunctions.

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Omron HR-100C Heart Rate Monitor


Polar FS2C Heart Rate Monitor


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