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Ulcer, and its curative measures.

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Mesothelioma (A silent killer)

Mesothelioma, more precisely malignant mesothelioma, is a rare form of cancer that develops from the protective lining that covers many of the body's internal organs, the mesothelium. It is usually caused by exposure to asbestos.

Its most common site is the pleura (outer lining of the lungs and internal chest wall), but it may also occur in the peritoneum (the lining of the abdominal cavity), the heart, the pericardium (a sac that surrounds the heart) or tunica vaginalis.

Most people who develop mesothelioma have worked on jobs where they inhaled asbestos particles, or they have been exposed to asbestos dust and fiber in other ways. It has also been suggested that washing the clothes of a family member who worked with asbestos can put a person at risk for developing mesothelioma. Unlike lung cancer, there is no association between mesothelioma and smoking, but smoking greatly increases the risk of other asbestos-induced cancers. Compensation via asbestos funds or lawsuits is an important issue in mesothelioma (see asbestos and the law).

The symptoms of mesothelioma include shortness of breath due to pleural effusion (fluid between the lung and the chest wall) or chest wall pain, and general symptoms such as weight loss. The diagnosis may be suspected with chest X-ray and CT scan, and is confirmed with a biopsy (tissue sample) and microscopic examination. A thoracoscopy (inserting a tube with a camera into the chest) can be used to take biopsies. It allows the introduction of substances such as talc to obliterate the pleural space (called pleurodesis), which prevents more fluid from accumulating and pressing on the lung. Despite treatment with chemotherapy, radiation therapy or sometimes surgery, the disease carries a poor prognosis. Research about screening tests for the early detection of mesothelioma is ongoing.

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Respiratation (Attributed to the supreme being)

Cellular respiration

Cellular respiration in a typical eukaryotic cell.

Cellular respiration, also known as 'oxidative metabolism', is one of the key ways a cell gains useful energy. It is the set of the metabolic reactions and processes that take place in organisms' cells to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products. The reactions involved in respiration are catabolic reactions that involve the oxidation of one molecule and the reduction of another.

Nutrients commonly used by animal and plant cells in respiration include glucose, amino acids and fatty acids, and a common oxidizing agent (electron acceptor) is molecular oxygen (O₂). Bacteria and archaea can also be lithotrophs and these organisms may respire using a broad range of inorganic molecules as electron donors and acceptors, such as sulfur, metal ions, methane or hydrogen. Organisms that use oxygen as a final electron acceptor in respiration are described as aerobic, while those that do not are referred to as anaerobic^[1].

The energy released in respiration is used to synthesize ATP to store this energy. The energy stored in ATP can then be used to drive processes requiring energy, including biosynthesis, locomotion or transportation of molecules across cell membranes.

HIV in Nigeria

The history of HIV in Nigeria

The first two cases of HIV and AIDS in Nigeria were identified in 1985 and were reported at an international AIDS conference in 1986.⁶ In 1987 the Nigerian health sector established the National AIDS Advisory Committee, which was shortly followed by the establishment of the National Expert Advisory Committee on AIDS (NEACA).

At first the Nigerian government was slow to respond to the increasing rates of HIV transmission⁷ and it was only in 1991 that the Federal Ministry of Health made their first attempt to assess Nigeria's AIDS situation. The results showed that around 1.8 percent of the population of Nigeria were infected with HIV. Subsequent surveillance reports revealed that during the 1990s HIV prevalence rose from 3.8% in 1993 to 4.5% in 1998.⁸

When Olusegun Obasanjo became the president of Nigeria in 1999, HIV prevention, treatment and care became one of the government’s primary concerns. The President’s Committee on AIDS and the National Action Committee on AIDS (NACA) were created, and in 2001, the government set up a three-year HIV/AIDS Emergency Action Plan (HEAP). In the same year, Obasanjo hosted the Organisation of African Unity’s first African Summit on HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Other Related Infectious Diseases.⁹

In 2005 a new framework was developed covering the period from 2005 to 2009.

Despite increased efforts to control the epidemic, by 2006 it was estimated that just 10 percent of HIV-infected women and men were receiving antiretroviral therapy and only 7 percent of pregnant women were receiving treatment to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.¹⁰

In 2010 NACA launched its comprehensive National Strategic Framework to cover 2010 to 2015, which requires an estimated N756 billion to implement.¹¹ Some of the main aims included in the framework are to reach 80 percent of sexually active adults and 80 percent of most at-risk populations with HIV counselling and testing by 2015; ensure 80 percent of eligible adults and 100 percent of eligible children are receiving ART by 2015; and to improve access to quality care and support services to at least 50 percent of people living with HIV by 2015.¹²

Despite being the largest oil producer in Africa and the 12th largest in the world,¹³ Nigeria is ranked 158 out of 177 on the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Human Poverty Index.¹⁴ This poor economic position has meant that Nigeria is faced with huge challenges in fighting its HIV and AIDS epidemic.

NORTHERNERS SUE JONATHAN FOR HIS PRESIDENTIAL DECLARATION

Two members of the Bauchi state chapter of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), have commenced legal fireworks in a bid to stop President Goodluck Jonathan from contesting in the forthcoming presidential election on the platform of the party.

The two PDP members, Comrade Adamu Isa and Ladan Aliyu, yesterday dragged the party and the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) before a Federal High Court, Abuja, seeking an order to restrain the PDP and INEC from fielding and admitting a presidential candidate from any geo-political zone other than from the North.

The duo want the court to direct INEC to reject any list of presidential candidates submitted to it by PDP, violates the zoning policy of the party, under which the Presidency is supposed to remain in the North from 2007 to 2015.

In an originating summons, the Plaintiffs are praying the court to order PDP to, as a matter of duty, observe and enforce the observance of the zoning policy in the election for the Office of the President, in view of the combined effect of the provisions of paragraphs 2(c) and (d) of the preamble and Articles 7.1 (c) (ii) and sections 14 (3) and 224 of the country’s Constitution, which the party resolved to uphold by Article 7.2 (a) and (c) of PDP’s Constitution 2006.

The originating summons filed by Abubakar A. Malami (SAN), on behalf of the Plaintiffs, pointed out that the party’s meeting held on December 2, 2002, among other things, recognised and prescribed the zoning of the Presidency between the South and the North.

A 10-paragraph affidavit in support of the originating summons and deposed to by Barrister Ahmed Zumaru from A.A. Malami Chambers, pointed out that PDP sanctioned the zoning arrangement in 2002, at its national caucus meeting on the enforcement of the principles of power-shift and power-sharing, by rotating key political offices amongst the diverse peoples of the country, and devolving powers equitably between the Federal, state and local governments, in the spirit of true federalism.

The affidavit noted that: “The sale of nomination form by the PDP to President Jonathan and his (Jonathan) declaration of intention to contest for president under the platform of the PDP are in breach of the Constitution of the Peoples Democratic Party, 2006 (as amended).

“That the appropriate executive committee of the PDP empowered to enforce the provision of the party Constitution deliberately ignored, refused or failed to so enforce the provisions relating to the policy of rotation and zoning of party and elective offices as enshrined in the constitution of the Peoples Democratic Party 2006 (as amended), 1999 constitution of Nigeria and the resolution reached at the meeting of the party on 2nd December, 2002,” the affidavit pointed out.

It stated that unless there is an order of restriction, PDP is set to allow candidates outside the Northern region of Nigeria to contest for nomination in its primary election slated for January 22, 2011, saying the PDP is obliged to submit to INEC a list of the candidates it proposes to sponsor at the presidential election not later than 60 days before election.

It averred that the Plaintiffs’ constitutional right to the sustenance of the policy on zoning, as established by the PDP Constitution and the resolution reached at the meeting of the party on December 2, 2002, was defeated by the sale of nomination forms to presidential candidates other than candidates of Northern extraction.

No date has been fixed for hearing of the suit, which was filed yesterday

Where is one Nigeria?

99% of Nigerians in support of Jonathan

Posted by Naija Proper on Sep 23 2010

These are the kinds of useless uneducated idiots that fill up our political space across the length and breadth of the country. Any wonder why nigeria is so backwards and underdeveloped? Useless fools. Instead of them discussing how to move the masses from poverty to a better life, Nyako and his bofoons are talking about zoning? All these people need to be publicly executed!!!

Posted by Onari on Sep 23 2010

...to reject any PDP presidential candidate who is not from the northern region.*****************so PDP is now for notherners? i hope PDP looses as it can not agree on a unifying candidate. i hope the party implodes. this could be the unravelling of the mighty PDP. @truck pusher the PDP stallwarth, where are you? you have been missing in action for over a month. the umbrella is not keeping the rains and heat anymore? your input is...well! you know.

Posted by raymond on Sep 23 2010

these 2 spoiler are not representing the intrest of this countary Nigeria people have spoken what then is there problem, when late Rimi contested against the former preisident was nyako not alive this will not be allow to plung this countary into the hand of an endless time table of democatic form of government again.

Posted by Andee on Sep 23 2010

Why is the whole north peeing in their pants just because of GJ? Election is about credibility and acceptance. If any one from the north feels they have what it takes to challenge GJ, let them stop all this confussion strategy and face him in the primaries. If they win we will all vote them. Who among them has anything to offer? Who, who who....?

Posted by adetilewa@keromail.com on Sep 23 2010

in as much as i dont believe in Jonathan, he have every right to contest, if the Northern people feel cheated, we have over 55 parties,let them join one and try to win if they can. why the cry over PDP

Posted by adam galla on Sep 23 2010

Many of the contributors here miss the point or are merely choosing to look the other way. The zoning policy of the PDP stipulates that it is turn of the north to present the party nominee. Jonathan can certainly run under a different platform if he so chooses...whatever happened to the rule of law? As for the Northern elites crying wolf, that's what you get for your backbiting treachery..

Posted by Moore on Sep 23 2010

You guys should spend your time looking after your families and stop making yourselves relevant unneccessarily. Go and look for credible northerner to face Jonathan if you don't want him there and stop filling pages of our news papers with your shameless moves around. Does any of you has anything to offer? The political space is what I will urge Nigerians to clean, if not, a Saint or Messier can't perform in this our corrupt environment o.

Posted by rapsody on Sep 23 2010

Nigeria is really on the brink.....!!!

Posted by sami on Sep 23 2010

@ adetilewa They will not join any of the other 55 parties because they all know PDP has strong machinery, techniques and skills for winning elections by crook, hook, bloodshed, gunpoint, that's why they are all clamoring to get the PDP ticket

Posted by Tanchico on Sep 23 2010

These persons obviously would want the constitution of PDP to supercede the nation's statutes. Abomination!!! If they cannot accept Jonathan they should self-destruct. Nigerians, especially me, prefer GEJ. Indeed the court should make pronuncement on this issue once and for all. I am sick of this PDP bulls..t

Posted by Tanchico on Sep 23 2010

Ndi oshi!!. Trying to reap where they did not sow; riding on the crest of tiger to glory!! Ole, Barawo!! Yawa don gass!!!

Posted by Koloman on Sep 23 2010

FOOLS...THE PDP CONSTUTION Article: 7.2c. In pursuance of the principle of equity, justice and fairness, the party shall adhere to the policy of rotation and zoning of party and public elective offices and it shall be enforced by the appropriate executive committee at all levels. "Zonal" - This refers to each of the geo-political entities viz North East, North Central, North West, South East, South West, South South. Where in the constitution did it say Zone A shall rule for X terms and Zone X terms. The PDP could never have anticipated that a President will die in office. Its now the turn of the South.

Posted by tutu on Sep 23 2010

Is PDP constitution superior 2 d Nigeria constitution?

Posted by Peter E. on Sep 23 2010

Court! Why it will be a waste of time (1) PDP allowed members from other zones to contest against Obasanjo though presidency was zoned to the south then-this a formidable precedence (2) Globally, Nigerian constitution permits him.

Posted by jerry rawlings on Sep 23 2010

I wonder why these 'Northerners' are not backing Nuhu Ribadu. You guessed right: he will not allow them to loot the treasury with impunity like they would under a PDP Northerner like IBB.

Posted by ikubabayeye on Sep 23 2010

These buffoons are effectively asking the court to formally recognise tribalism and go against one of the fundamental principles of the Nigerian constitution. Just imagine these two clowns as state governors or Federal ministers. No wonder the country is in such a big mess.

Posted by General sam bockerie on Sep 23 2010

@adam galla,pls was d zoning policy in d pdp constitution in 1999 wen rimi contested against obj??or is rimi an illiterate who could nt understand d letters of d pdp constitution?think wat cud hav happened if he had won.wat abt 2003 wen atiku almost routed obj at d pdp primaries?assuming he had succeeded,are we goin 2 tel him 2 step dwn bcos its against d pdp constitution??wat did u in particular do at educating him on d virtues of zoning?wat of odili in 2007?yaradua only defeated him by a very narrow margin then..interestingly,in al ds scenario,al our apostles of zoning were sleeping ko? While i hav no biz wt zoning bcos its a tool in d hands of economic saboteaurs 2 keep holding nigeria hostage nd even hate d pdp as an assemblage of looters,i am strongly of d view dat he dat comes 2 equity shd do so wt clean hands.given d above circumstance,kn u really conclude dt d hands of d north are clean??

Posted by lets get serious on Sep 23 2010

i think the strategy Jonathan is using is not working anymore. You can't put all your eggs in one basket, other sotherners should contest to end this whole confusion. Any i think Saraki is a better candidate than any of them. Go to Kwara and see

Posted by ArewaMan on Sep 23 2010

It is unfortunate that the present political problems in Nigeria was brought by some selfish Northern polical class.They are interested in their own gains at the detriment of the North and Nigeria in general.It is too late to stop Jonathan now.Obasanjo has planned it since when he imposed sick Yar'adua on us when OBJ can not actualize his third term plans directly.Now he is using GEJ for his gain.OBJ has broken the Northern political monopoly by using some selfish Northerns to destroy the North with their hands.Next is for GEJ to treat the Northerns just as Paul Biya of Cameroon has turned the Northern Cameroon to nothing from something under President Ahidjo.My only fear for Nigeria is bloody military coup could take place if PDP rig the coming elections.

Posted by sami on Sep 23 2010

Don't mind the foolish pple. They zone it by their constitution, God has re-zoned it by the hand of death.

Posted by TruthHurts on Sep 23 2010

How do you take a gentleman's agreement to court which infringes on your human right as a person. I need to see the law court that will stop him from contesting..As a Nigerian anyone has the right to stand..This stupid so-called northerners mediocre leaders from the North need to get their head tested and get a grip.The presidency is no tribes birth right

Posted by nigerian on Sep 23 2010

we dont only have northerners in dis country, their candidate just died if they hav a problem wit GEJ i advice them to to wake him up so he can carry their flag. Ibb committed alot of abomination in dis country ..... pls help me ask him wat he is looking for. Let change be given a chance we dont want a dictactor we want a leader and i think nigeria has found one. the young shall grow..... and the old shall die old men pls die urselves or allow the heat of this nation to kill u. Nigeria is owned by God and not by men who use their ill gotten wealth to oppress people.

Posted by nzeogwu on Sep 23 2010

Though I don’t have pdp constitution, but I suppose it entails rotational presidency by zoning. Was there any clause that any zone that produces the president or the president himself should rule for eight years? More so, did the pdp constitution envisaged death of any serving president, if not; the constitution is incoherent and can not stand in present Nigeria. I want completion and credibility of candidates not zoning. This zoning system is a means of gaining relevance without credibility and that is why they are looters.

Posted by Busy body on Sep 23 2010

In fairness to this zoning matter, did power rotate to the north in 2007? Yes! But the man died. In fairness to our conscience as humans, if it were to be a southerner that died and a northerner was sworn in, would the wise men of the north ask their son not to contest because it is turn of the south? I doubt it. Anyway, my opinion is that Nigeria should be divided. Let every one go back and control their resources. I would want to see how many of the wise men from the north would borrow money and provide good governance to their people(as in Singapore) where they don't have any natural resources. Even the experienced ones, will not have the will power to do so. It is clear that we claim to be one Nigeria not because we love and appreciate one another. It is because the south is blessed with natural resouces that translates into dollars and must be forced to remain a part of the entity Nigeria. Nigeria will do better if each zone becomes a country of its own. Leaders with economic will power will be voted into office and each zone will tap and develop its natural resources and develop itself, pay huge salaries to their lawmakers while their people live in penury? Until that is done, I'm sorry to say, we will not go anywhere as a nation. Even trivial issues are made big issues because of ethnicity, religion etc. To help ourselves and help one another, there should be a referendum let nigerians decide if they really need to continue as a nation. Even Israel, God's choosen people were divided at some point as recorded in the bible.

Posted by Do or Die on Sep 23 2010

This is what we want the foolish northerners to do. Incase they don't know they are digging their own grave. By clamouring for Zoning, they are making more and more Nigerians to dislike them.

Posted by edu on Sep 23 2010

I don't understand why these semi iliterates are running their mouth over nothing. If they feel cheated then they should leave PDP and join another party to enable them win the election. Is PDP now a northern party? These guys have been rulling for over 90% of the country's age. So what difference does it make make now if another tribe/region rules.